APA 7 Citations: Text: Print and Online

Book with one author

Koontz, D. R. (2000). Tick tock. Bantam Books.

Book with 2-20 authors

Preston, D. J, & Child, L. (2003). The cabinet of curiosities. Warner Books.

Group author

American Heart Association. (1996). American Heart Association guide to heart attack: Treatment, recovery and prevention. Times Books.

Edited book

Doezema, M. & Milroy, E. (Eds.). (1998). Reading American art. Yale University Press.

Article/chapter in edited book

Welty, E. (2012). Clamorous to learn. In L. H. Peterson, et al. (Eds.), The Norton reader: An anthology of nonfiction (13th ed., pp. 350-355). Norton.

Entry in a dictionary

Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Self-report. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved May 5, 2020, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/self-report

Entry in an encyclopedia

Graham, G. (2019). Behaviorism. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy (Summer 2019 ed.). Stanford University. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/behaviorism/

Newspaper article

Girish, D. (2020, May 29). A black woman's #metoo quest entails added tensions. The New York Times.

NOTE: - no URL – see sec. 9.34 in APA 7 manual

Scholarly article

White, H. E. (2019, April). Making black lives matter: Properly valuing the rights of the marginalized in Constitutional torts. Yale Law Journal, 128(6), 1742-1791.

Wikipedia article – pg. 329

Pack horse library project. (2020, June 15). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pack_Horse_Library_Project&oldid=953745114

 

Recently, a revised edition of the DSM-5 has been published as the DSM-5 TR. Here is the reference citation for the DSM-TR:

American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, text revision (5th ed.) https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787

Here is the reference citation for the DSM-5:

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596

Note: When the author and the publisher are the same, omit the publisher from the source element.

In-text citations for the DSM-5 (the In-Text Citations for the DSM-5 TR, would change to include the "Text Revision" and date of "2022" where applicable):

Note: Identify the title and the edition of a diagnostic manual in the text and include a citation the first time it is mentioned.  If the first mention appears in a heading, cite it within the first paragraph of that section.  Repeat a citation when it directly supports a statement but do not repeat the citation for other general mentions of a manual.

• Parenthetical citation with abbreviation included: (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013)
• Narrative citation with abbreviation included: American Psychiatric Association's (2013) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5)

Note: After you define an abbreviation, as in the citations above, use only the abbreviation in your text.

• Subsequent parenthetical citations: (American Psychiatric Association, 2013)
• Subsequent narrative citations: American Psychiatric Association (2013)

See information about how to cite from the DSM-5 on p. 324 and how to use abbreviations on p. 173, section 6.25 of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 7th ed. See other examples at https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples/diagnostic-manual-references.

Go to the Online Media page to find an example of how to cite open educational resources (OER).

Here are some new reference and citation examples for text sources published only in APA's March 13th, 2020 blog post and linked here.

Each template gives you the order and formatting for each part of a reference citation (author, date,title, and source) for the specific kind of text you have found, whether it is in print or online. 

 

Template for Citing Periodicals

When citing sources published periodically such as newspapers, magazines, and journals:

Author	Date	Title	Source
			Periodical Information	DOI or URL
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. Name of Group. Author, C. C. [username]. Username.	(2020). (2020, January). (2020, February 16).	Title of article.	Title of Periodical, 34(2), 5-14. Title of Periodical, 2(1-2), Article 12. Title of Periodical.	https://doi.org/xxxx https://xxxxx

Source: p. 316, Seventh Edition: Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.

Textual Works are described in-depth on pp. 316-321.

 

Template for Citing Books and Reference Works

When citing books and reference works:

Author	Date	Title	Source
			Publisher information	DOI or URL
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. Name of Group.   Editor, E.E. (Ed.). Editor, E.E., & Editor, F.F. (Eds.).	(2020). (2020, January). (2020, February 16).	Title of book. Title of book (2nd ed., Vol. 4). Title of book [Audiobook].   Title of book (E. E. Editor, Ed.). Title of book (T. Translator, Trans.; N. Narrator, Narr.).	Publisher Name. First Publisher Name; Second Publisher Name.	https://doi.org/xxxx https://xxxxx

Source: p. 321, Seventh Edition: Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.

Textual Works are described in-depth on pp. 316-321.

 

Template for Citing Edited Book Chapters and Entries in Reference Works

When citing chapters of edited books or a work in an anthology or an entry from a dictionary, thesaurus, or an encyclopedia:

Chapter Author	Date	Chapter Title	Source
			Edited book information	DOI or URL
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. Name of Group.	(2020).	Title of chapter.	In E. E. Editor (Ed.), Title of book (pp. 3-13). Publisher Name. In E. E. Editor & F. F. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (3rd ed., Vol. 2, pp. 212-255). Publisher Name.	https://doi.org/xxxx https://xxxxx

Source: p. 326 of Seventh Edition:

Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.

Note: For a chapter from an authored book, create a reference of the whole book and provide the chapter number with the in-text citation only.

(Author, Year, Chapter number)

Example: (Smith, 2020, Chapter 9).

Textual Works (pp. 316-321)

 

Template for Citing Reports and Gray Literature

When citing government, technical, and research reports:

Author	Date	Title	Source
			Publisher information	DOI or URL
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. Name of Group.	(2020). (2020, May 2).	Title of report. Title of report, (Report No. 123). Title of gray literature [Description].	Publisher Name.	https://doi.org/xxxx https://xxxxx

Source: p. 329 of Seventh Edition: Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.

Note: Reports may or may not be peer reviewed and are considered to be gray literature.

Gray literature includes press releases, codes of ethics, grants, policy briefs, issue briefs, and more.

It is optional but helpful to describe less common types of gray literature in square brackets [] after the title.

Textual Works (pp. 316-321)

 

Template for Conference Sessions and Presentations

When citing conference sessions and presentations, including paper presentations, poster sessions, keynote addresses:

Author	Date	Title	Source
			Conference information	DOI or URL
Presenter, A. A., & Presenter, B. B.	(2020, September 18-20). (2020, October 30-November 1).	Title of contribution [Type of contribution].	Conference Name, Location.	https://doi.org/xxxx https://xxxxx

Source: p. 332, Seventh Edition: Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.

 

Template for Symposium Contributions

Author	Date	Contribution title	Source
			Conference information	DOI or URL
Contributor, A. A., & Contributor, B. B.	(2020, September 18-20). (2020, October 30-November 1).	Title of contribution.	In C. C. Chairperson (Chair), Title of symposium [Symposium]. Conference Name, Location.	https://doi.org/xxxx https://xxxxx

Source: p. 332, Seventh Edition: Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.

Textual Works are described in-depth on pp. 316-321.

Template for Citing Unpublished Dissertations or Theses

When citing unpublished dissertations or theses, the university name appears in the source.

Create your citations in the following order and formatting:

Author	Date	Title	Source
Author, A. A.	(2020).	Title of dissertation [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Title of thesis [Unpublished master’s thesis].	Name of Institution Awarding the Degree.

Source: p. 333 of Seventh Edition: Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.

Template for Citing Published Dissertations or Theses

When citing published dissertations or theses, the university name appears in square brackets [] after the title.

Author	Date	Title	Source
			Database or archive name	URL
Author, A. A.	(2020).	Title of dissertation [Doctoral dissertation, Name of Institution Awarding the Degree]. Title of thesis [Master’s thesis, Name of Institution Awarding the Degree].	Database Name. Archive Name.	https://xxxxx

Source: p. 333 of Seventh Edition: Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.

Textual Works (pp. 316-321)

Template for Citing Reviews

When citing reviews, the reference format should be the same as the format for the type of content appearing within that source, with the addition of information about the item being reviewed in square brackets [ ] after the review title.  

Create your citations in the following order and formatting:

Author	Date	Title		Source
		Review title	Details of reviewed work	Periodical information	DOI or URL
Reviewer, A. A.	(2020). (2020, February 3).	Title of review	[Review of the book Book title, by A. A. Author]. [Review of the book Book title, by E. E. Editor, Ed.] [Review of the film Film title, by D. D. Director, Dir.]. [Review of the TV series episode “Episode title,” by W. W. Writer, Writer, & D. D. Director, Dir.].	Periodical Title, 34(2), 14-15. Blog Title.	https://doi.org/xxxx https://xxxxx

Source: p. 334 of Seventh Edition: Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.

Textual Works (pp. 316-321)

Templates for Citing Unpublished or Informally Published Works

For unpublished works

When citing an unpublished work:

Author	Date	Title	Source
			University information	URL
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B.	(2020).	Title of the work [Unpublished manuscript]. Title of work [Manuscript in preparation]. Title of work [Manuscript submitted for publication].	Department Name, University Name.	https://xxxxx

p. 336 of Seventh Edition: Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.

For informally published works

When citing informally published works:

Author	Date	Title	Source
			Database or archive information	DOI or URL
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B.	(2020).	Title of the work. Title of work (Publication No. 123).	Name of Database. Name of Archive.	https://doi.org/xxxxx https://xxxxx

Source: p. 336 of Seventh Edition: Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.

Textual Works (pp. 316-321)